Optimum structural design for collimation frame of space-based two-dimensional turntable
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摘要: 空间二维转台是空间相机等光电设备的主要承载机构，照准架作为转台的关键支撑部件，其刚度特性对于整个转台的刚度性能至关重要。为在减轻照准架重量的同时提高刚度性能，采用基于变密度法的拓扑优化理论，利用有限元软件MSC.Patran/Nastran对照准架进行拓扑优化设计。将照准架模态振型等效为推力作用下的模型变形，以结构刚度最大化为目标函数，剩余体积比为约束条件进行优化。结果表明：与经验模型相比，优化后的模型质量减小了1.32 kg，且一阶固有频率提高了14.5 Hz。在Z方向的重力作用下，最大变形量相对减小了22.4%，最大应力值相对减小了22.6%，而且模型在其他方向的静力学特性都有显著提高。可见，优化后的照准架模型在质量减轻的情况下，动态特性得到了显著的改善。通过对优化模型进行试验模态分析，结果证明了有限元分析的正确性。因此，采用拓扑优化方法对照准架进行结构优化设计是切实可行的。Abstract: Space-based two-dimensional turntable is the main load-bearing structure of space photoelectric detection equipment, and the collimation frame is the key support component of turntable, so its stiffness characteristics are vital for the performance of turntable. In order to decrease the mass and improve the stiffness performance, the structure of collimation frame was topologically optimized based on the variable density theory by finite element software-MSC. Patran/Nastran. Modal shape of collimation frame was regarded as the deformation of model under the thrust. The model was optimized with stiffness maximization as the objective function, the ratio of residual volume as the constraints. The results show that the model weight after optimization is lighten 1.32 kg and the first-order natural frequency increases 14.5 Hz compared with the model of experience design. The maximum deformation is relatively reduced by 22.4% and the maximum stress value is relatively reduced by 42.6% under the action of gravity in the Z direction and the statics characteristic of model are increased significantly in the other directions. The dynamic characteristics of the collimation frame are improved significantly with the weight reduction. Modal experiment was done for the optimization model and the results indicate that the finite element analysis is correct. Therefore, it is feasible to use the method of topology optimization to design the structure of collimation frame.
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