Analysis of the detection ability of midcourse ballistic targets in the complex environment
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摘要: 基于低轨预警卫星对中段弹道导弹的探测机理，综合考虑了复杂探测环境中各辐射源（太阳、地表、大气、云层）对弹道中段目标的辐射作用，计算了三个波段各辐射源在目标表面产生的辐照度，在此基础上建立了弹头目标自身辐射及反射辐射模型。基于弹道中段目标红外辐射计算结果，结合预警卫星成像系统的衍射效应，推导了成像综合信噪比、探测作用距离修正模型，从这两个方面分析了深空背景下低轨预警卫星对弹道中段目标的探测能力。结果表明：复杂探测环境中各辐射源对目标成像综合信噪比的影响不可忽略，约为目标自身辐射综合信噪比的1.2倍；低轨卫星光学系统的衍射效应对中段目标探测能力影响严重，8~9.4、9.4~10、10~14 m波段下衍射效应修正前后综合信噪比差值占未修正综合信噪比的比率分别为41.9%、36.7%、10.4%；探测距离随观测角度的变化而变化，迎头探测时，探测距离最大。Abstract: Based on the detection mechanism of low orbit early warning satellites for the midcourse ballistic missiles, the radiation effects of various radiation sources(solar, earth, atmosphere, clouds) on targets in complex environments were considered. The irradiance generated by the background radiation sources of the three wavelength bands on the target surface was calculated, and the self-radiation and reflected radiation models of the warhead target were established. Based on the calculation results of the infrared radiation of the ballistic missile targets, combined with the diffraction effect of the early warning system, the modified model of the Synthetic Signal-to-noise Ratio(SSR) and the detection range were derived. From these two aspects, the ability of low orbit early warning satellites to detect the midcourse ballistic missiles in deep space was analyzed. The results show that the SSR effect of each radiation source on the target imaging in the complex detection environment can not be neglected. It is approximately 1.2 times that of the SSR only considering the target's own radiation. The diffraction effect of the optical system of the low orbit early warning satellites has a serious influence on the detection capability of the midcourse ballistic missiles. The ratio of the difference between the unmodified SSR and the modified SSR to the unmodified SSR in the 8-9.4 m, 9.4-10 m, and 10-14 m are 41.9%, 36.7%, and 10.4%, respectively. The detection distance changed with the observation angle, and the detection range is the largest when the detection angle is 0.
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