Generation of optical vortex and its research progress in inertial measurement (Invited)
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摘要: 涡旋光束是一种携带轨道角动量且具有螺旋波振面的新型结构光场。自1992年Allen等首次证明了近轴条件下带有螺旋相位因子的光场具有轨道角动量以来,涡旋光束因其在光操控、光通信、光学测量和遥感等领域中的广泛应用而备受关注,特别是近年来涡旋光束在惯性测量领域的应用吸引了诸多学者的研究兴趣。文中主要涉及三个方面的内容:涡旋光束制备方法研究进展;涡旋光束在惯性测量领域中的关键应用,具体为基于涡旋光的旋转多普勒效应和量子陀螺;最后还就惯性测量对涡旋光束制备提出的新要求进行了讨论。Abstract: Optical vortex is a new structured light field that carries orbital angular momentum and has a helical wave vibration surface. Since Allen et al. first proved in 1992 that a light field with a spiral phase factor had orbital angular momentum under paraxial conditions, optical vortex has received much attention because of its wide applications in the fields of optical manipulation, optical communication, optical measurement, and remote sensing. Especially in recent years, the application of optical vortex in the field of inertial measurement has attracted the research interest of many scholars. This article mainly involves three aspects: the research progress of optical vortex generation; the key applications of optical vortex in the field of inertial measurement, specifically the rotating Doppler effect and quantum gyros based on optical vortex. New requirements of inertial measurement on the generation of optical vortex were also discussed.
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图 3 利用交叉相位实现涡旋光束制备[18-20]。(a)交叉相位分布;(b)利用低阶交叉相位实现了高阶涡旋光束的制备;(c)利用高阶交叉相位实现高阶涡旋光束的整形与奇点操控;(d)利用低阶交叉相位制备类厄米特高斯光束;(e)利用交叉相位实现涡旋光束制备的实验装置
Figure 3. Generation of optical vortex via the cross-phase[18-20]. (a) Distribution of cross-phase; (b) Generation of high-order optical vortex via the low-order cross-phase; (c) Shaping and singularity manipulation of high-order optical vortex via the high-order cross-phase; (d) Generation of Hermite-Gaussian-like optical vortex via the low-order cross-phase; (e) Experimental setup for generation of optical vortex via the cross-phase
图 4 (a)基于螺旋相位板的涡旋光束拓扑荷数四重加倍装置[23];(b)基于螺旋相位板级联-多通的涡旋光束制备装置[22];(c)利用螺旋相位板级联-多通制备的涡旋光束[22];(d) Fiber Photonics公司制作的光纤螺旋相位板
Figure 4. (a) Setup of quadruple topological charges of optical vortex based on SPP[23]; (b) Setup of cascaded and double-pass SPPs[22]; (c) Experimental intensity distributions of optical vortex via the setup of cascaded and double-pass SPPs[22]; (d) Fiber SPP made by Fiber Photonics Co
图 10 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体涡旋的操控及其陀螺效应[52]。(a)气态玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中涡旋的陀螺效应;(b)冷原子体系中基于物质波的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体陀螺模型;(c)携带轨道角动量的涡旋光束对激子极化激元的操控;(d)由叠加态涡旋光束相位印刻形成的激子极化激元自发干涉
Figure 10. Manipulation and the gyroscopic effect of vortices in BEC[52]. (a) Gyroscopic effect of vortices in gasiform BEC; (b) BEC gyroscope model based on matter wave in the system of cold atom; (c) Manipulation on the excitation-polaritons by optical vortex carrying orbital angular momentum; (d) Spontaneous interference of excitation-polaritons due to the phase imprinting of the superimposed optical vortices
图 11 平板半导体微腔中的激子极化激元凝聚[54]。(a)分布式Bragg反射镜构成的平板半导体微腔;(b)平板半导体微腔的侧视图;(c)对应于(b)图的平板微腔折射率以及腔内场强的位置分布
Figure 11. Bose-Einstein Condensates of Exciton Polariton in the semiconductor flat microcavity[54]. (a) Semiconductor flat microcavity formed with distributed Bragg mirrors where the semiconductor quantum wells enmeshed in the microcavity; (b) Side view of the semiconductor flat microcavity; (c) Location distribution of refractive index and field intensity in the microcavity corresponding to Fig.11(b)
图 12 半导体微腔中激子极化激元BEC凝聚的动力学特性[58]。(a)泵浦驱动下激子极化激元叠加态涡旋的演化;(b)旋转状态下激子极化激元叠加态涡旋的动力学特性
Figure 12. Dynamic characteristic of excitation-polariton BEC in semiconductor microcavities[58]. (a) Evolution of superposition of excitation-polariton vortices driven by pump beam; (b) Rotary dynamic characteristic of superposition of excitation-polariton vortices
图 13 旋转状态下的激子极化激元凝聚体系[59]。(a)旋转状态下的激子极化激元涡旋叠加态体系;(b)激子极化激元涡旋叠加态瞬时转动角速率与体系转速的关系(限定时间内转速为
$\mathit{\Omega} {\rm{ = }}2 \times {10^{{\rm{ - }}7}}$ 和$\mathit{\Omega} {\rm{ = 8}} \times {\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - }}7}}$ 情况下涡旋叠加态转过的角度对比)Figure 13. System of exciton polariton condensates on the rotational state[59]. (a) System of volute superposition state of exciton polariton condensates on the rotational state; (b) Relationship between the instantaneous angular rate of the superposition state of exciton polariton vortices and the rotate speed of the system (the rotation angle at the rotation rate of
$\mathit{\Omega} {\rm{ = }}2 \times {10^{{\rm{ - }}7}}$ and$\mathit{\Omega} {\rm{ = 8}} \times {\rm{1}}{{\rm{0}}^{{\rm{ - }}7}}$ ) -
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