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点面复合红外诱饵由点源诱饵和面源诱饵组成,二者复合装填、同时发射,在空中呈现复杂散布状态。对于复合诱饵的空中动态散布特性仿真,主要包括对点源诱饵和面源诱饵的运动仿真。
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点源诱饵被飞机投放后,在空中受到重力和空气阻力的作用,其运动轨迹逐渐落后于飞机,具体运动规律可参考文献[10]中点源红外诱饵运动特性仿真部分,点源诱饵典型运动轨迹如图1所示,图中x轴正向为飞机运动方向,z轴为高度方向,规定向上为正。
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为获得面源诱饵气动特性,对单个箔片进行流体力学仿真。将流体域单侧设为速度入口,速度大小0.8 Ma,仿真得到典型压力分布云图如图2所示。
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面源诱饵由成百上千个箔片组成,被飞机投放后箔片顺序出膛,出膛后受到阻力和升力的作用,并且随着箔片自身氧化还原反应的发生,箔片姿态的改变具有一定的随机性,面源诱饵在空中的散布形态均呈现差异特性,但基本呈现类似“椭球”形状,在空中形成红外辐射假目标信号,诱骗红外制导导弹攻击。
为获得面源诱饵在空中的动态散布特性,对单个面源箔片进行受力分析。将单个箔片视为质点,并建立飞机航迹坐标系,以飞机飞行方向作为x轴方向,高度方向作为z轴方向,垂直飞行方向作为y轴方向,在该航迹坐标系下箔片的受力情况如图3所示。
箔片出膛后,应满足牛顿第二定律的动力学方程[12]:
$$ \left\{ \begin{gathered} m\left( {\frac{{{\rm{d}}{V_x}}}{{{\rm{d}}t}} + {\omega _y}{V_z} - {\omega _z}{V_y}} \right) = {F_x} \\ m\left( {\frac{{{\rm{d}}{V_y}}}{{{\rm{d}}t}} + {\omega _z}{V_x} - {\omega _x}{V_z}} \right) = {F_y} \\ m\left( {\frac{{{\rm{d}}{V_z}}}{{{\rm{d}}t}} + {\omega _x}{V_y} - {\omega _y}{V_x}} \right) = {F_z} \\ \end{gathered} \right. $$ (1) 式中:m为箔片质量;Vx、Vy和Vz为箔片在x、y和z三个坐标轴的速度分量;ωx、ωy和ωz分别为箔片沿x、y和z三个坐标轴的旋转角速度;Fx、Fy和Fz分别为箔片在x、y和z三个坐标轴受到的合力。
根据航迹坐标系下箔片受力情况可获得质心动力学方程[12]:
$$ \left\{ \begin{gathered} m\frac{{{\rm{d}}V}}{{{\rm{d}}t}} = - D - mg\sin \theta \\ mV\frac{{{\rm{d}}\theta }}{{{\rm{d}}t}} = L\cos \gamma - mg\cos \theta \\ mV\cos \theta \frac{{{\rm{d}}\psi }}{{{\rm{d}}t}} = - L\sin \gamma \\ \end{gathered} \right. $$ (2) 式中:θ为箔片速度仰角;ψ为箔片速度方位角;γ为箔片速度滚转角;D为阻力,其方向与速度矢量方向相反;L为升力,其方向垂直于箔片平面;V为箔片矢量速度;g为当地重力加速度。
根据运动定律,列出箔片运动学方程[12]:
$$ \left[ \begin{gathered} {{{\rm{d}}x} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\rm{d}}x} {{\rm{d}}t}}} \right. } {{\rm{d}}t}} \\ {{{\rm{d}}y} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\rm{d}}y} {{\rm{d}}t}}} \right. } {{\rm{d}}t}} \\ {{{\rm{d}}z} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dz} {dt}}} \right. } {{\rm{d}}t}} \\ \end{gathered} \right] = \left[ \begin{gathered} V\cos \theta \cos \psi \\ V\sin \theta \\ - V\cos \theta \sin \psi \\ \end{gathered} \right] $$ (3) 式中:x为箔片在x轴的位移;y为箔片在y轴的位移;z为箔片在z轴的位移。其中θ、ψ和γ的初值受箔片初始运动和受力的随机性影响,采用正态分布的形式给出,联立公式(2)和公式(3),采用Runge-Kutta算法 求解该方程组可得到面源箔片空中动态散布特性。
根据上述箔片动力学及运动学方程,对面源诱饵动态扩散过程进行仿真,仿真条件为平台速度为0.8 Ma,投放速度在25~35 m/s之间,投放点位于原点(0,0,0),得到不同时刻面源诱饵散布情况如图4所示。
在0.8 s时刻不同视角下面源诱饵散布情况如图5所示。
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当飞机平台投放点面复合红外诱饵时,平台速度决定了诱饵沿航向的初始速度,对诱饵后续运动和空中动态散布特性有较大影响,因此对不同平台速度下点面复合红外诱饵的运动进行仿真,平台速度选取0.2 Ma、0.6 Ma和1 Ma,仿真结果如图6~图8所示,其中红外曲线为点源诱饵运动轨迹,曲线端点为当前时刻点源诱饵的位置。
由图6~图8可知,飞机平台投放点面复合红外诱饵的动态散布趋势为点源诱饵逐渐从面源诱饵中分离,且平台速度影响点源诱饵和面源诱饵的相对运动趋势,平台速度越快,点源诱饵从面源诱饵中分离出来的相对速度越慢,面源诱饵的扩散速度也越来越快,主要是因为面源诱饵在投放初期会迅速减速,平台速度直接影响其在水平方向的速度。
Simulation of airborne dynamic dispersion characteristics and application of point-surface composite infrared decoy
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摘要: 点面复合红外诱饵是国内外飞机平台使用的先进红外干扰装备之一,具备较好的对抗红外制导导弹的能力。为获得点面复合红外诱饵空中动态散布特性,为其使用提供理论基础,提升点面复合红外诱饵使用效能,对点面复合红外诱饵的点源诱饵和面源诱饵进行动力学和运动学分析,联立方程组并进行求解,获得了点源诱饵空中运动轨迹和面源诱饵在空中的散布情况,然后改变飞机平台速度进行仿真,获得了点源诱饵和面源诱饵的相对运动趋势和平台速度影响规律。基于点面复合红外诱饵空中动态散布特性仿真,开展使用研究,阐述了点面复合红外诱饵的干扰特性和干扰机理,干扰特性主要包括辐射强度值、辐射强度变化率和辐射面积,分析了点面复合红外诱饵在红外制导导弹导引头视场的形成特点,并基于此开展干扰机理研究,分析了点面复合红外诱饵在红外制导导弹的成像阶段和非成像阶段的干扰机理,能够为诱饵使用策略的制定提供参考和借鉴,提升飞机平台战场生存能力。Abstract:
Objective Point-surface composite infrared decoy is one of the advanced infrared jamming equipment used in aircraft platforms at home and abroad, which has a good capability against infrared guided missiles. For aircraft platforms, it is important to master the use strategy of point-surface composite infrared decoy. It determines the aircraft’s survivability during terminal defense. Currently, the use of infrared decoy lacks simulation analysis support, and there is a certain degree of blindness. With the improvement of couter-coutermeasure ability of infrared guided missiles, it brings higher requirements for the development and use of infrared decoy. Besides, there is a lack of simulation and research related to point-surface composite infrared decoy. So the airborne dynamic dispersion characteristics and application of point-surface composite infrared decoy is studied. Methods To obtain the dynamic walk characteristics of point-surface infrared decoy in the air, theoretical basis for its use is provided, and the effectiveness of point-surface infrared decoy is improved, dynamic and kinematic analysis of point source decoy and surface source decoy of point-surface infrared decoy (Fig.3) is performed, the simultaneous equations are solved, so the trajectory of point source decoy and dispersion of surface source decoy in the air were obtained. Then by changing the aircraft platform speed, the relative motion trend of the point source decoy and surface source decoy, and the influence law of the platform speed are obtained. Based on the simulation of airborne dynamic dispersion characteristics of point-surface infrared decoy, the use research is conducted, and the jamming characteristics and mechanism of the point-surface infrared decoy are described. Jamming characteristics mainly include radiation intensity value, rate of radiation intensity change and radiation area. The formation characteristics of point-surface infrared decoy in the field of view of infrared guided missiles are analyzed. And based on this, the mechanism research is carried out. Results and Discussions Through simulation analysis, airborne dynamic dispersion characteristics are acquired (Fig.6). It provides a good foundation for the use of point-surface composite infrared decoy. At the same time, the infrared radiation characteristics of point-surface composite infrared decoy are acquired (Fig.9). For infrared guidance seeker, it is sensitive for radiation intensity change rate (Fig.10) and radiation area (Fig.11) of infrared decoy. The jamming mechanism of the point-surface infrared decoy in the imaging phase (Fig.13) and the non-imaging phase (Fig.12) of the infrared guided missile is analyzed, which can provide reference for the formulation of decoy use strategy and improve the battlefield survivability of aircraft platforms. Conclusions In this study, starting from the basic physical laws, the dynamic dispersion characteristics of point surface composite infrared decoys in the air are studied, and the impact of platform speed on the dynamic dispersion of point-surface composite infrared decoys in the air is simulated. The results show that the faster the platform speed is, the smaller the relative separation speed of point-surface composite infrared decoy relative to area source decoys is, and the greater the diffusion speed of area source decoys is. The interference characteristics and mechanism of point-surface composite infrared decoy during use are analyzed. Its key characteristics such as radiation intensity value, radiation intensity change rate, and radiation area have the ability to interfere with infrared guided missiles. The interference mechanism of point-surface composite infrared decoy in the imaging and non-imaging stages of infrared imaging guided missiles is described, and the confrontation process is described based on simulation results. The research on the dynamic dispersion characteristics simulation and use of point-surface composite infrared decoy in the air conducted in this paper is mainly based on the characteristics of the decoy itself and the basic interference principles. The actual use strategy should be comprehensively studied and determined in combination with multiple factors such as missiles, aircraft targets, and maneuver strategies. -
Key words:
- point-surface composite /
- dynamic dispersion /
- jamming mechanism /
- application research
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