Development study of THz instruments for atmospheric sounding

Gao Taichang; Li Shulei; Liu Lei; Huang Wei

doi:10.3788/IRLA201645.0425002

Volume 45 Issue 4

May 2016

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Article Navigation > Infrared and Laser Engineering > 2016 > 45(4): 425002-0425002(12)

Gao Taichang, Li Shulei, Liu Lei, Huang Wei. Development study of THz instruments for atmospheric sounding[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(4): 425002-0425002(12). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201645.0425002

Citation:

Gao Taichang, Li Shulei, Liu Lei, Huang Wei. Development study of THz instruments for atmospheric sounding[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(4): 425002-0425002(12). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201645.0425002

Development study of THz instruments for atmospheric sounding

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201645.0425002

1.
Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography,PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 211101,China

Received Date: 2015-08-12
Rev Recd Date: 2015-09-15
Publish Date: 2016-04-25

Abstract

THz wave lies in the region between the microwave and infrared range in the electromagnetic spectrum. There are unique advantages for THz wave in the space research and application field. THz remote sensing instruments can provide a new perspective for the exploration of the earth's atmosphere. As a result, THz technology has a good prospection the field of atmospheric science. The main applications of THz technology in the field of atmospheric sounding were introduced. The current research status of THz atmospheric observation instruments at home and abroad were summarized. By comparison and analysis of key parameters of each instrument, the development trend and the development prospect of THz instruments for atmospheric observation were summarized. Meanwhile, the suggestions for developing THz atmospheric remote sensing technology were presented.
- THz technology,
- atmospheric sounding,
- heterodyne receiver,
- direct detection

References

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[2]	Yao Jianquan, Wang Jingli, Zhong Kai, et al. Study and outlook of THz radiation atmospheric propagation[J]. Journal of OptoelectronicsLaser, 2010, 21(10):1582-1588. (in Chinese)姚建铨, 汪静丽, 钟凯, 等. THz辐射大气传输研究和展望[J]. 光电子激光, 2010, 21(10):1582-1588.
[3]	Peter H Siegel. Terahertz pioneers:a series of interviews with significant contributors to terahertz science and technology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 2014, 4(4):409.
[4]	Jana Mendrok, Dong L Wu, Stefan A Buhler, et al. Sub-millimeter wave radiometer for observation of cloudice-aproposal for Japanese mission[C]//Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIII SPIE, 2009, 7474:74740T.
[5]	Paul B Hays, Hilary E Snell. Atmospheric remote sensing in the terahertz region[C]//First International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, 1990:482-491.
[6]	Cathy Clerbaux, Solene Turquety, Pierre Coheur. Infrared remote sensing of atmospheric composition and air quality:towards operational applications[J]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2010, 342(4):349-356.
[7]	Paulo Pampaloni, S Paloscia. Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Earth's Surface and Atmosphere[M]. Netherlands:VSP, 2000:263-282.
[8]	Yang P, Liou K N, Bi L, et al. On the radiative properties of ice clouds:Light scattering, remote sensing, and radiation parameterization[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2015, 32(1):32-63.
[9]	Michael A Lefsky, Warren B Cohen, Geoffrey G Parker, et al. Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies[J]. Bioscience, 2002, 52(1):19-30.
[10]	Klein U. Future satellite earth observation requirements and technology in millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelength region[C]//The 17th Int Symp on Space THz Technology, 2006:21-28.
[11]	Peter H Siegel. THz instruments for space[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2007, 55(11):2957-2965.
[12]	Peter H Siegel. THz for space:the golden age[J]. IEEE Xplore, 2010, 978(1):816-819.
[13]	Rothman L S, Gordon I E, Babikov Y, et al. The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy Radiative Transfer, 2013, 130:4-50.
[14]	Podobedov V B, Plusquellic D F, Siegrist K E, et al. New measurements of the water vapor continuum in the regionfrom 0.3 to 2.7 THz[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy Radiative Transfer, 2008, 109:458-467.
[15]	David M Slocum, Thomas M Goyette, Elizabeth J Slingerland, et al. Terahertz atmospheric attenuation and continuum effects[C]//SPIE DSS Conference, 2013, 8716:871607-1-871607-14.
[16]	David M Slocum, Thomas M Goyette, Robert H Giles. High-resolution terahertz atmospheric water vapor continuum measurements[C]//Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems VIII:Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense, 2014, 9102:91020E.
[17]	Kasai Yasuko. Terahertz-wave remote sensing:introduction to terahertz-wave remotesensing[J]. Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 2008, 55(1):79-81.
[18]	Kasai Yasuko, Ochiai Satoshi, Mendrok Jana, et al. THz remote sensing for water vapor and cloud observation[C]//37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 2008:1456-1463.
[19]	Blackwell W J, Staelin D H. Comparative performance analysis of passive microwave systems for tropospheric sounding of temperature and water vapor profiles[C]//Proceedings of SPIE, 1996, 2812:472-478.
[20]	Cho H-M, Zhang Z, Meyer K, et al. Frequency and causes of failed MODIS cloud property retrievals for liquid phase clouds over global oceans[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120(9):4132-4154.
[21]	Vidot J, Baran A J, Brunel P. A new ice cloud parameterization for infrared radiative transfer simulation of cloudy radiances:evaluation and optimization with IIR observations and ice cloud profile retrieval products[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120(14):6937-6951.
[22]	Gong J, Wu D L. CloudSat-constrained cloud ice water path and cloud top height retrievals from MHS 157 and 183.3 GHz radiances[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2014, 7(6):1873-1890.
[23]	Jana Mendrok, Philippe Baron, Yasuko Kasaia. Studying the potential of terahertz radiation for deriving ice cloud microphysical information[C]//Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIII, 2008, 7107:710704.
[24]	De Lucia F C, Petkie D T. THz gas sensing with submillimetertechniques[C]//SPIE, 2005, 5790:44-53.
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[26]	Jacobsen R H, Mittleman D M, Nuss M C. Gas sensing using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy[J]. Opt Lett, 1996, 21(24):2011-2013.
[27]	Alexander Kellarev, Dan Sheffer. Terahertz remote sensing[C]//Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems V:Advance Applications in Industry and Defense, 2011:80230N.
[28]	Phillips T G, Keene J C. Submillimeter astronomy[C]//IEEE, 1992, 80(11):1662-1678.
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[32]	Galin I, Brest D H, Martner G R. The DMSP SSMT/2microwave water-vapor profiler[C]//SPIE OE/Aerospace and RemoteSensing Int Symp, 1993.
[33]	Byung-Ju Sohn, Eui-Seok Chung, Johannes Schmetz, et al. Estimating upper-tropospheric water vapor from SSM/T-2 satellite measurements[J]. J Appl Meteor, 2003, 42:488-504.
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[35]	Joe W Waters, Gordon E Peckham. The microwave limb sounder(MLS) experiments for UARS and EOS[J]. The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1991:543-546.
[36]	Hugh C Pumphrey, Hannah L Clark, Robert S Harwood. Lower stratospheric water vapor measured by UARS MLS[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(12):1691-1694.
[37]	Barath F T, Chavez M C, Cofield R E, et al. The upper atmosphere research satellite microwave limb sounder instrument[J]. J Geophys Res, 1993, 98(10):751-762.
[38]	Neugebauer G, Habing H J, van Duinen R, et al. The infrared astronomical satellite(IRAS) mission[J]. Astrophys J, 1984, 278(2):L1-L6.
[39]	Murtagh Donal, Frisk Urban, Merino Frank, et al. An overview of the Odin atmospheric mission[J]. Canadian Journal of Physics, 2002, 80(4):357-368.
[40]	Ph Baron, Ph Ricaud, J de la No, et al. Studies for the Odin sub-millimetre radiometer. II:Retrieval methodology[J]. Canadian Journal of Physics, 2002, 80(4):341-356.
[41]	Urban J, Lautie N, Le Flochmoez E, et al. Odin/SMR limb observations of stratospheric trace gases:Validation of N2O[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110:D09301-D09320.
[42]	Mark R Schoeberl, Anne R Douglass, Ernest Hilsenrath, et al. Overview of the EOS Aura mission[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(5):1066-1074.
[43]	Krotkov N A, McLinden C A, Li C, et al. Aura OMI observations of regional SO2 and NO2 pollution changes from 2005 to 2014[J]. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss, 2015, 15:26555-26607.
[44]	Pickett H M. Microwave limb sounder THz module on Aura[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(5):1122-1130.
[45]	Gaidis M C, Pickett H M, Smith C D, et al. A 2.5 THz receiver front-end for spaceborne applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory Techniques, 2000, MTT-48(4):733-739.
[46]	Junji Inatani, Hiroyuki Ozeki, Ryouta Satoh, et al. Submillimeter limb-emission sounder JEM/SMILES aboard the Space Station[C]//Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment II, 2000, 4152:243.
[47]	Seta M, Masuko H, Manabe T, et al. Submillimeter-wave SIS receiver for JEM/SMILES[J]. Adv Space Res, 2000, 26(6):1021-1024.
[48]	Sagawa H, Sato T O, Baron P, et al. Comparison of SMILES ClO profiles with satellite, balloon-borneand ground-based measurements[J]. Atmos Meas Tech, 2013, 6:3325-3347.
[49]	Fujii Y, Kikuchi K, Inatani J, et al. Space-borne 640-GHz receiver based on 4-K mechanicalcooler[J]. Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, 2000, 4013:90-99.
[50]	Perrin A, Puzzarini C, Colmont J M, et al. Molecular line parameters for the MASTER (Millimeter Wave Acquisitions for Stratosphere/Troposphere Exchange Research) database[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2005, 51(2):161-205.
[51]	Matthew Oldfield, Brian P Moyna, Elie Allouis, et al. MARSCHALS:development of an airborne millimeter-wave limb sounder[C]//Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites V, 2001, 4540:450663.
[52]	Eric Defer, Carlos Jimenez, Catherine Prigent. Sub-millimetre wave radiometry for cloud and rain characterization:from simulation to Earth observation mission concept[J]. C R Pyhsique, 2011, 10:1016-1023.
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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Development study of THz instruments for atmospheric sounding

1. Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography,PLA University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 211101,China

Received Date: 2015-08-12

Rev Recd Date: 2015-09-15

Publish Date: 2016-04-25

Key words:

Abstract: THz wave lies in the region between the microwave and infrared range in the electromagnetic spectrum. There are unique advantages for THz wave in the space research and application field. THz remote sensing instruments can provide a new perspective for the exploration of the earth's atmosphere. As a result, THz technology has a good prospection the field of atmospheric science. The main applications of THz technology in the field of atmospheric sounding were introduced. The current research status of THz atmospheric observation instruments at home and abroad were summarized. By comparison and analysis of key parameters of each instrument, the development trend and the development prospect of THz instruments for atmospheric observation were summarized. Meanwhile, the suggestions for developing THz atmospheric remote sensing technology were presented.

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Reference (71)

[1]	Peter H Siegel. Terahertz technology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2002, 50(3):910-928.
[2]	Yao Jianquan, Wang Jingli, Zhong Kai, et al. Study and outlook of THz radiation atmospheric propagation[J]. Journal of OptoelectronicsLaser, 2010, 21(10):1582-1588. (in Chinese)姚建铨, 汪静丽, 钟凯, 等. THz辐射大气传输研究和展望[J]. 光电子激光, 2010, 21(10):1582-1588.
[3]	Peter H Siegel. Terahertz pioneers:a series of interviews with significant contributors to terahertz science and technology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 2014, 4(4):409.
[4]	Jana Mendrok, Dong L Wu, Stefan A Buhler, et al. Sub-millimeter wave radiometer for observation of cloudice-aproposal for Japanese mission[C]//Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XIII SPIE, 2009, 7474:74740T.
[5]	Paul B Hays, Hilary E Snell. Atmospheric remote sensing in the terahertz region[C]//First International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology, 1990:482-491.
[6]	Cathy Clerbaux, Solene Turquety, Pierre Coheur. Infrared remote sensing of atmospheric composition and air quality:towards operational applications[J]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2010, 342(4):349-356.
[7]	Paulo Pampaloni, S Paloscia. Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Earth's Surface and Atmosphere[M]. Netherlands:VSP, 2000:263-282.
[8]	Yang P, Liou K N, Bi L, et al. On the radiative properties of ice clouds:Light scattering, remote sensing, and radiation parameterization[J]. Adv Atmos Sci, 2015, 32(1):32-63.
[9]	Michael A Lefsky, Warren B Cohen, Geoffrey G Parker, et al. Lidar remote sensing for ecosystem studies[J]. Bioscience, 2002, 52(1):19-30.
[10]	Klein U. Future satellite earth observation requirements and technology in millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelength region[C]//The 17th Int Symp on Space THz Technology, 2006:21-28.
[11]	Peter H Siegel. THz instruments for space[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2007, 55(11):2957-2965.
[12]	Peter H Siegel. THz for space:the golden age[J]. IEEE Xplore, 2010, 978(1):816-819.
[13]	Rothman L S, Gordon I E, Babikov Y, et al. The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy Radiative Transfer, 2013, 130:4-50.
[14]	Podobedov V B, Plusquellic D F, Siegrist K E, et al. New measurements of the water vapor continuum in the regionfrom 0.3 to 2.7 THz[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy Radiative Transfer, 2008, 109:458-467.
[15]	David M Slocum, Thomas M Goyette, Elizabeth J Slingerland, et al. Terahertz atmospheric attenuation and continuum effects[C]//SPIE DSS Conference, 2013, 8716:871607-1-871607-14.
[16]	David M Slocum, Thomas M Goyette, Robert H Giles. High-resolution terahertz atmospheric water vapor continuum measurements[C]//Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems VIII:Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense, 2014, 9102:91020E.
[17]	Kasai Yasuko. Terahertz-wave remote sensing:introduction to terahertz-wave remotesensing[J]. Journal of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, 2008, 55(1):79-81.
[18]	Kasai Yasuko, Ochiai Satoshi, Mendrok Jana, et al. THz remote sensing for water vapor and cloud observation[C]//37th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 2008:1456-1463.
[19]	Blackwell W J, Staelin D H. Comparative performance analysis of passive microwave systems for tropospheric sounding of temperature and water vapor profiles[C]//Proceedings of SPIE, 1996, 2812:472-478.
[20]	Cho H-M, Zhang Z, Meyer K, et al. Frequency and causes of failed MODIS cloud property retrievals for liquid phase clouds over global oceans[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120(9):4132-4154.
[21]	Vidot J, Baran A J, Brunel P. A new ice cloud parameterization for infrared radiative transfer simulation of cloudy radiances:evaluation and optimization with IIR observations and ice cloud profile retrieval products[J]. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2015, 120(14):6937-6951.
[22]	Gong J, Wu D L. CloudSat-constrained cloud ice water path and cloud top height retrievals from MHS 157 and 183.3 GHz radiances[J]. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2014, 7(6):1873-1890.
[23]	Jana Mendrok, Philippe Baron, Yasuko Kasaia. Studying the potential of terahertz radiation for deriving ice cloud microphysical information[C]//Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIII, 2008, 7107:710704.
[24]	De Lucia F C, Petkie D T. THz gas sensing with submillimetertechniques[C]//SPIE, 2005, 5790:44-53.
[25]	De Lucia F C, Petkie D T. The physics and chemistry of THz sensors and imagers:long-standing applications, new opportunities, and pitfalls[C]//SPIE, 2005, 5989:598911.
[26]	Jacobsen R H, Mittleman D M, Nuss M C. Gas sensing using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy[J]. Opt Lett, 1996, 21(24):2011-2013.
[27]	Alexander Kellarev, Dan Sheffer. Terahertz remote sensing[C]//Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems V:Advance Applications in Industry and Defense, 2011:80230N.
[28]	Phillips T G, Keene J C. Submillimeter astronomy[C]//IEEE, 1992, 80(11):1662-1678.
[29]	Salomonovich A E, Solomonov S V, KhaikinA S, et al. Satellite measurements of submillimetre radiation of the earth's atmosphere[C]//Space research XVI:Proceedings of the Open Meetings of Working Groups on Physical Sciences and Symposium and Workshop on Results from Coordinated Upper Atmosphere Measurement Programs, 1976:155-159.
[30]	Salomonovich A E, Bakun V N, Kovalev V S, et al. A submillimeter telescope for the orbitalpiloted station Salyut-6[J]. Telecomm Radio Eng, 1979, 34(2):82-88.
[31]	Wilheit T T, A Al-Khalaf. A simplified interpretation of the radiances from the SSM/T-2[J]. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 1994, 54(1):203-212.
[32]	Galin I, Brest D H, Martner G R. The DMSP SSMT/2microwave water-vapor profiler[C]//SPIE OE/Aerospace and RemoteSensing Int Symp, 1993.
[33]	Byung-Ju Sohn, Eui-Seok Chung, Johannes Schmetz, et al. Estimating upper-tropospheric water vapor from SSM/T-2 satellite measurements[J]. J Appl Meteor, 2003, 42:488-504.
[34]	Waters J W, Read W G, Froidevaux L, et al. The UARS and EOS microwave limb sounder (MLS) experiments[J]. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1998. 56:194-218.
[35]	Joe W Waters, Gordon E Peckham. The microwave limb sounder(MLS) experiments for UARS and EOS[J]. The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1991:543-546.
[36]	Hugh C Pumphrey, Hannah L Clark, Robert S Harwood. Lower stratospheric water vapor measured by UARS MLS[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2000, 27(12):1691-1694.
[37]	Barath F T, Chavez M C, Cofield R E, et al. The upper atmosphere research satellite microwave limb sounder instrument[J]. J Geophys Res, 1993, 98(10):751-762.
[38]	Neugebauer G, Habing H J, van Duinen R, et al. The infrared astronomical satellite(IRAS) mission[J]. Astrophys J, 1984, 278(2):L1-L6.
[39]	Murtagh Donal, Frisk Urban, Merino Frank, et al. An overview of the Odin atmospheric mission[J]. Canadian Journal of Physics, 2002, 80(4):357-368.
[40]	Ph Baron, Ph Ricaud, J de la No, et al. Studies for the Odin sub-millimetre radiometer. II:Retrieval methodology[J]. Canadian Journal of Physics, 2002, 80(4):341-356.
[41]	Urban J, Lautie N, Le Flochmoez E, et al. Odin/SMR limb observations of stratospheric trace gases:Validation of N2O[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005, 110:D09301-D09320.
[42]	Mark R Schoeberl, Anne R Douglass, Ernest Hilsenrath, et al. Overview of the EOS Aura mission[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(5):1066-1074.
[43]	Krotkov N A, McLinden C A, Li C, et al. Aura OMI observations of regional SO2 and NO2 pollution changes from 2005 to 2014[J]. Atmos Chem Phys Discuss, 2015, 15:26555-26607.
[44]	Pickett H M. Microwave limb sounder THz module on Aura[J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 44(5):1122-1130.
[45]	Gaidis M C, Pickett H M, Smith C D, et al. A 2.5 THz receiver front-end for spaceborne applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory Techniques, 2000, MTT-48(4):733-739.
[46]	Junji Inatani, Hiroyuki Ozeki, Ryouta Satoh, et al. Submillimeter limb-emission sounder JEM/SMILES aboard the Space Station[C]//Microwave Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere and Environment II, 2000, 4152:243.
[47]	Seta M, Masuko H, Manabe T, et al. Submillimeter-wave SIS receiver for JEM/SMILES[J]. Adv Space Res, 2000, 26(6):1021-1024.
[48]	Sagawa H, Sato T O, Baron P, et al. Comparison of SMILES ClO profiles with satellite, balloon-borneand ground-based measurements[J]. Atmos Meas Tech, 2013, 6:3325-3347.
[49]	Fujii Y, Kikuchi K, Inatani J, et al. Space-borne 640-GHz receiver based on 4-K mechanicalcooler[J]. Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation, 2000, 4013:90-99.
[50]	Perrin A, Puzzarini C, Colmont J M, et al. Molecular line parameters for the MASTER (Millimeter Wave Acquisitions for Stratosphere/Troposphere Exchange Research) database[J]. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2005, 51(2):161-205.
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Development study of THz instruments for atmospheric sounding

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201645.0425002

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