Observation of space debris by ground-based laser ranging system and research on detecting ability

Zhang Zhongping; Cheng Zhien; Zhang Haifeng; Deng Huarong; Jiang Hai

doi:10.3788/IRLA201746.0329001

Volume 46 Issue 3

Apr. 2017

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Zhang Zhongping, Cheng Zhien, Zhang Haifeng, Deng Huarong, Jiang Hai. Observation of space debris by ground-based laser ranging system and research on detecting ability[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(3): 329001-0329001(7). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201746.0329001

Citation:

Zhang Zhongping, Cheng Zhien, Zhang Haifeng, Deng Huarong, Jiang Hai. Observation of space debris by ground-based laser ranging system and research on detecting ability[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(3): 329001-0329001(7). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201746.0329001

Observation of space debris by ground-based laser ranging system and research on detecting ability

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201746.0329001

1.
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;
2.
National Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;
3.
Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China

Received Date: 2016-07-09
Rev Recd Date: 2016-08-09
Publish Date: 2017-03-25

Abstract

High precise measurement of space debris is an important way to improve the precise surveillance and collision prediction for space debris. As one of space debris measuring technology based on the ground-based electro-optic telescopes, laser ranging is the most accurate. According to characteristic of laser ranging to space debris and aiming at the international technical development, through the development of high power laser system and the breakthrough of high efficiency laser signal detection, the space debris laser ranging system with the aperture of 60 cm telescope was set up as the pioneer in the development of laser measurement to space debris in China. The routine laser measurement of space debris were implemented with the measured distance from 500 km to 2 600 km, cross section from less than 0.5 m2 to more than 10 m2. According to the laser ranging link equation of space debris, combining with the statistic of laser echoes, and considering the sunlight arcs of space debris orbit when passing through the ground station, the detection simulation model of ground-based laser ranging system were constructed. The evaluation of detected ability of space debris laser ranging system with 60 cm aperture telescope was also performed with the capability of measuring debris at the distance of 1 000 km and diameter of more than 50 cm which accorded with the actual measurement results. The simulation models of laser ranging to space debris will lay the foundation for the ground-based laser ranging system with high efficient running and development of observation equipment and evaluation of detection efficiency in future.
- space debris,
- laser ranging,
- observing system,
- detection model,
- efficiency evaluation

References

[1]	Jiang Huilin, Fu Qiang, Zhang Yalin, et al. Discussion of the laser ranging with polarization spectral imaging observations and communication technology for space debris[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(4):0401001. (in Chinese)姜会林, 付强, 张雅琳,等. 空间碎片激光探测成像通信一体化技术探讨[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(4):0401001.
[2]	Gao Wen, Zhu Ming, He Baigen, et al. Overview of target tracking technology[J]. Chinese Optics, 2014, 7(3):365-374. (in Chinese)高文, 朱明, 贺柏根, 等. 目标跟踪技术综述[J]. 中国光学, 2014, 7(3):365-374.
[3]	Deng Xianfeng. Review of space debris observation[J]. Aerospace China, 2005(7):24-26. (in Chinese)祁先锋. 空间碎片观测综述[J]. 中国航天, 2005(7):24-26.
[4]	Li Zhenwei, Zhang Tao, Sun Mingguo. Fast recognition and precise orientation of space objects in star background[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2015, 23(2):589-599. (in Chinese)李振伟, 张涛, 孙明国. 星空背景下空间目标的快速识别与精密定位[J]. 光学精密工程, 2015, 23(2):589-599.
[5]	Zhu Feihu, Wang Li, Guo Shaogang, et al. Large dynamic range laser ranging system for non-cooperative target[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(S1):8-12. (in Chinese)朱飞虎, 王立, 郭绍刚, 等. 面向非合作目标的大动态范围激光测距系统[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(S1):8-12.
[6]	Tao Huirong, Zhang Fumin, Qu Xinghua. Experimental study of backscattering signals from rough targets in non-cooperative laser measurement system[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(S1):95-100. (in Chinese)陶会荣, 张福民, 曲兴华. 无合作目标测量中目标表面后向散射特性的实验研究[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(S1):95-100.
[7]	Shen Shanshan, Chen Qian, He Weiji, et al. Research and realization on performance of single photon counting ranging system optimizing[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(2):0217001. (in Chinese)沈姗姗, 陈钱, 何伟基, 等. 单光子测距系统性能优化研究和实现[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(2):0217001.
[8]	Greene B, Gao Y, Moore C, et al. Laser tracking of space debris[C]//Proceedings of 13th Laser Ranging Workshop, 2002.
[9]	Georg Kirchner, Franz Koidl, Fabian Friederich, et al. Laser measurements to space debris from Graz station[J]. Advances in Space Reaserch, 2013, 51(1):21-24.
[10]	Zhang Zhongping, Yang Fumin, Zhang Haifeng, et al. The use of laser ranging to measure space debris[J]. Research in Astron Astrophys, 2012, 12(2):212-218.
[11]	Craig H Smith, Ben Greene. The EOS space debris tracking system[C]//The Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, 2006.
[12]	Zhang Zhongping, Zhang Haifeng, Wu Zhibo, et al. Experiment of laser ranging to space debris based on high power solid-state laser system at 200 Hz repetition rate[J]. Chinese Journal of Laser, 2014, 41(s1):s108005. (in Chinese)张忠萍, 张海峰, 吴志波, 等. 基于200 Hz重复率高功率全固态激光器空间碎片激光测距试验[J]. 中国激光, 2014, 41(s1):s108005.
[13]	Liu Jing, Zhang Yao, Du Heng. Evaluation and optimization of space debris surveillance network[C]//The Sixth National Space Debris Workshop. Chengdu:State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence, 2011. (in Chinese)刘静, 张耀, 都亨. 空间碎片监测网的评价和优化[C]//第六届全国空间碎片会议. 成都:国家国防科技工业局, 2011.
[14]	Zhang Zhongping, Zhang Haifeng, Wu Zhibo, et al. kHz repetition Satellite Laser Ranging system with high precision and measuring results[J]. Chinese Sci Bull, 2011, 56(15):1177-1183. (in Chinese)张忠萍, 张海峰, 吴志波, 等. 高精度千赫兹重复频率卫星激光测距系统及实测结果[J], 科学通报, 2011, 56(15):1177-1183.
[15]	Degnan J J. Millimeter Accuracy Satellite Laser Ranging:A Review[M]//Contributions of Space Geodynamics Technology. Esmith D E, Turcotte D L, ed. US:AGU Geodynamics Series, 1993, 25:133-162.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Observation of space debris by ground-based laser ranging system and research on detecting ability

1. Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;

2. National Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;

3. Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China

Received Date: 2016-07-09

Rev Recd Date: 2016-08-09

Publish Date: 2017-03-25

Key words:

Abstract: High precise measurement of space debris is an important way to improve the precise surveillance and collision prediction for space debris. As one of space debris measuring technology based on the ground-based electro-optic telescopes, laser ranging is the most accurate. According to characteristic of laser ranging to space debris and aiming at the international technical development, through the development of high power laser system and the breakthrough of high efficiency laser signal detection, the space debris laser ranging system with the aperture of 60 cm telescope was set up as the pioneer in the development of laser measurement to space debris in China. The routine laser measurement of space debris were implemented with the measured distance from 500 km to 2 600 km, cross section from less than 0.5 m2 to more than 10 m2. According to the laser ranging link equation of space debris, combining with the statistic of laser echoes, and considering the sunlight arcs of space debris orbit when passing through the ground station, the detection simulation model of ground-based laser ranging system were constructed. The evaluation of detected ability of space debris laser ranging system with 60 cm aperture telescope was also performed with the capability of measuring debris at the distance of 1 000 km and diameter of more than 50 cm which accorded with the actual measurement results. The simulation models of laser ranging to space debris will lay the foundation for the ground-based laser ranging system with high efficient running and development of observation equipment and evaluation of detection efficiency in future.

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Reference (15)

[1]	Jiang Huilin, Fu Qiang, Zhang Yalin, et al. Discussion of the laser ranging with polarization spectral imaging observations and communication technology for space debris[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(4):0401001. (in Chinese)姜会林, 付强, 张雅琳,等. 空间碎片激光探测成像通信一体化技术探讨[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(4):0401001.
[2]	Gao Wen, Zhu Ming, He Baigen, et al. Overview of target tracking technology[J]. Chinese Optics, 2014, 7(3):365-374. (in Chinese)高文, 朱明, 贺柏根, 等. 目标跟踪技术综述[J]. 中国光学, 2014, 7(3):365-374.
[3]	Deng Xianfeng. Review of space debris observation[J]. Aerospace China, 2005(7):24-26. (in Chinese)祁先锋. 空间碎片观测综述[J]. 中国航天, 2005(7):24-26.
[4]	Li Zhenwei, Zhang Tao, Sun Mingguo. Fast recognition and precise orientation of space objects in star background[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2015, 23(2):589-599. (in Chinese)李振伟, 张涛, 孙明国. 星空背景下空间目标的快速识别与精密定位[J]. 光学精密工程, 2015, 23(2):589-599.
[5]	Zhu Feihu, Wang Li, Guo Shaogang, et al. Large dynamic range laser ranging system for non-cooperative target[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(S1):8-12. (in Chinese)朱飞虎, 王立, 郭绍刚, 等. 面向非合作目标的大动态范围激光测距系统[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(S1):8-12.
[6]	Tao Huirong, Zhang Fumin, Qu Xinghua. Experimental study of backscattering signals from rough targets in non-cooperative laser measurement system[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2014, 43(S1):95-100. (in Chinese)陶会荣, 张福民, 曲兴华. 无合作目标测量中目标表面后向散射特性的实验研究[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2014, 43(S1):95-100.
[7]	Shen Shanshan, Chen Qian, He Weiji, et al. Research and realization on performance of single photon counting ranging system optimizing[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(2):0217001. (in Chinese)沈姗姗, 陈钱, 何伟基, 等. 单光子测距系统性能优化研究和实现[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(2):0217001.
[8]	Greene B, Gao Y, Moore C, et al. Laser tracking of space debris[C]//Proceedings of 13th Laser Ranging Workshop, 2002.
[9]	Georg Kirchner, Franz Koidl, Fabian Friederich, et al. Laser measurements to space debris from Graz station[J]. Advances in Space Reaserch, 2013, 51(1):21-24.
[10]	Zhang Zhongping, Yang Fumin, Zhang Haifeng, et al. The use of laser ranging to measure space debris[J]. Research in Astron Astrophys, 2012, 12(2):212-218.
[11]	Craig H Smith, Ben Greene. The EOS space debris tracking system[C]//The Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance Technologies Conference, 2006.
[12]	Zhang Zhongping, Zhang Haifeng, Wu Zhibo, et al. Experiment of laser ranging to space debris based on high power solid-state laser system at 200 Hz repetition rate[J]. Chinese Journal of Laser, 2014, 41(s1):s108005. (in Chinese)张忠萍, 张海峰, 吴志波, 等. 基于200 Hz重复率高功率全固态激光器空间碎片激光测距试验[J]. 中国激光, 2014, 41(s1):s108005.
[13]	Liu Jing, Zhang Yao, Du Heng. Evaluation and optimization of space debris surveillance network[C]//The Sixth National Space Debris Workshop. Chengdu:State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence, 2011. (in Chinese)刘静, 张耀, 都亨. 空间碎片监测网的评价和优化[C]//第六届全国空间碎片会议. 成都:国家国防科技工业局, 2011.
[14]	Zhang Zhongping, Zhang Haifeng, Wu Zhibo, et al. kHz repetition Satellite Laser Ranging system with high precision and measuring results[J]. Chinese Sci Bull, 2011, 56(15):1177-1183. (in Chinese)张忠萍, 张海峰, 吴志波, 等. 高精度千赫兹重复频率卫星激光测距系统及实测结果[J], 科学通报, 2011, 56(15):1177-1183.
[15]	Degnan J J. Millimeter Accuracy Satellite Laser Ranging:A Review[M]//Contributions of Space Geodynamics Technology. Esmith D E, Turcotte D L, ed. US:AGU Geodynamics Series, 1993, 25:133-162.

Observation of space debris by ground-based laser ranging system and research on detecting ability

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201746.0329001

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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