Research on the gain saturation effect of an image intensifier based on microchannel plate

Xie Yuntao; Zhang Yujun; Wang Xi; Sun Xiaoquan

doi:10.3788/IRLA201750.1003005

Volume 46 Issue 10

Nov. 2017

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Xie Yuntao, Zhang Yujun, Wang Xi, Sun Xiaoquan. Research on the gain saturation effect of an image intensifier based on microchannel plate[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(10): 1003005-1003005(6). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201750.1003005

Citation:

Xie Yuntao, Zhang Yujun, Wang Xi, Sun Xiaoquan. Research on the gain saturation effect of an image intensifier based on microchannel plate[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(10): 1003005-1003005(6). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201750.1003005

Research on the gain saturation effect of an image intensifier based on microchannel plate

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201750.1003005

1.
State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology,Electronic Engineering Institute,Hefei 230037,China

Received Date: 2017-07-13
Rev Recd Date: 2017-09-13
Publish Date: 2017-10-25

Abstract

To study the influence of laser radiation on the performance of an image intensifier, the irradiation experiment of CW laser on the image intensifier was carried out and the effect of laser irradiation on its gain characteristics was analyzed. Experimental results show that no pixel crosstalk phenomenon is found as the increase of the laser power until the light illumination arrives 8104 times of the illumination for point saturation, meaning that the gain of the image intensifier is saturated and the output light intensity of image intensifier will not increase indefinitely. The equivalent circuit model of the microchannel plate of the image intensifier was established and its gain characteristic was analyzed. The maximum current for linear gain, got from this model, was approximately 1.6410-10 A, which was very close to experimental data, indicating that the charge extracted from the microchannel wall cannot be replenished in time is the main reason of gain saturation.
- laser irradiation,
- image intensifier,
- gain saturation,
- microchannel plate

References

[1]	Fang Chenyan. Research on the ultraviolet features and multi-spectral imaging technology of high voltage air discharge[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016. (in Chinese)房陈岩. 空气高压放电紫外特性及多光谱成像技术研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2016.
[2]	Yoshikawa I, Yamazaki A, Murakami G, et al. Telescope of extreme ultraviolet (TEX) onboard SELENE:science from the Moon[J]. Earth, Planets and Space, 2008, 60(4):407-416.
[3]	Song Shanshan. Design of solar blind ultraviolet warning optical system[D]. Changchun:Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)宋珊珊. 日盲紫外告警光学系统设计[D]. 长春:长春理工大学, 2014.
[4]	Wang Hong. Optical system study and design used for the ultraviolet warning camera with ultra-wide field[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2014, 43(2):160-164. (in Chinese)王红. 大视场紫外告警相机光学系统研究与设计[J]. 光子学报, 2014, 43(12):160-164.
[5]	Cui Jianfeng, Gao Tao, Zhang Yanan, et al. High efficiency and high peak power 351 nm quasi-continuous ultraviolet laser[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(6):0605004. (in Chinese)崔建丰, 高涛, 张亚男, 等. 高效率、高峰值功率351 nm准连续紫外激光器[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2017, 46(6):0605004.
[6]	Mao Xiaojie. New progress in high-power picosecond ultraviolet laser[J]. Chinese Optics, 2015, 8(2):182-190. (in Chinese)毛小洁. 高功率皮秒紫外激光器新进展[J]. 中国光学,2015, 8(2):182-190.
[7]	Qian Fang, Sun Tao, Guo Jin, et al. No-reference laser-dazzling image quality assessment based on feature-point complexit[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2015, 23(4):1179-1186. (in Chinese)钱方, 孙涛, 郭劲, 等. 无参考的特征点复杂度激光干扰图像评估[J]. 光学精密工程, 2015, 23(4):1179-1186.
[8]	Wu Chunting, Li He, Cai Jixing, et al. Measurement of real-time stress damage of monocrystal silicon by Mach-Zehnder interferometry[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2017, 25(5):1395-1401. (in Chinese)吴春婷, 李贺, 蔡继兴, 等. 采用马赫-曾德尔干涉法测量单晶硅在线应力损伤[J].光学精密工程, 2017, 25(5):1395-1401.
[9]	Liao Z M, Nostrand M, Carr W, et al. Modeling of laser-induced damage and optic usage at the National Ignition Facility[C]//Pacific Rim Laser Damage 2016:Optical Materials for High Power Lasers. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2016:998304-1-6.
[10]	Dimmeler A, Eberle B, van den Heuvel J C, et al. Laser dazzling of focal plane array cameras[C]//Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2007, 6738:67380O-1-10.
[11]	Titterton D H. Application of laser technology to optical countermeasures[J]. The Imaging Science Journal, 2010, 58(5):286-294.
[12]	Durcu A, Bourdon P, Fleury D, et al. Infrared laser irradiation breadboard:dazzling sensitivity analysis of a HgCdTe focal plane array[C]//SPIE Security+ Defence. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2011, 8187:81870K-1-10.
[13]	Zhang Z, Cheng X, Wang R, et al. Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2011, 49(2):292-296.
[14]	Zhang Z, Cheng X, Jiang T, et al. A dazzling phenomenon of CW laser on linear CCD camera[J]. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2012, 123(3):223-227.
[15]	Kang Wenyun, Wei Jun, Song Xiaoquan, et al. Jamming of laser to push-broom camera[J]. J Infrared Millim Waves, 2014, 33(6):608-612. (in Chinese)康文运, 危峻, 宋小全, 等. 激光对推扫相机的干扰[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2014, 33(6):608-612.
[16]	Sheng Liang, Zhang Zhen, Zhang Jianmin, et al. Pixel upset effect and mechanism of CW laser irradiated CMOS camera[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(6):0606004. (in Chinese)盛良, 张震, 张检民, 等. 连续激光辐照CMOS相机的像素翻转效应及机理[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(6):0606004.
[17]	Wang Guihua. Optoelectronic Device[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press, 2014:72-73. (in Chinese)汪贵华.光电子器件[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社, 2014:72-73.
[18]	Zhang Zhen. Experimental study of laser induced effect on visible light CCD[D]. Changsha:National University of Defense Technology, 2005. (in Chinese)张震. 可见光CCD的激光辐照效应实验研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2005.
[19]	Zhang Jianmin, Zhang Zhen, Feng Guobin, et al. Estimating method of jamming thresholds for laser irradiated interline transfer CCD[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2015, 35(3):0314004. (in Chinese)张检民, 张震, 冯国斌, 等. 行间转移型CCD激光干扰效应阈值估算方法[J]. 光学学报, 2015, 35(3):0314004.
[20]	Girardeau-Montaut J P, Girardeau-Montaut C. Space-charge-limited current density as a function of electron flow duration in an emissive diode[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1989, 65(8):2889-2895.
[21]	Kwo J L, Yokoyama M, Wang W C, et al. Characteristics of flat panel display using carbon nanotubes as electron emitters[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2000, 9(3):1270-1274.
[22]	Giudicotti L. Analytical, steady-state model of gain saturation in channel electron multipliers[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2002, 480(2):670-679.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Research on the gain saturation effect of an image intensifier based on microchannel plate

1. State Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology,Electronic Engineering Institute,Hefei 230037,China

Received Date: 2017-07-13

Rev Recd Date: 2017-09-13

Publish Date: 2017-10-25

Key words:

Abstract: To study the influence of laser radiation on the performance of an image intensifier, the irradiation experiment of CW laser on the image intensifier was carried out and the effect of laser irradiation on its gain characteristics was analyzed. Experimental results show that no pixel crosstalk phenomenon is found as the increase of the laser power until the light illumination arrives 8104 times of the illumination for point saturation, meaning that the gain of the image intensifier is saturated and the output light intensity of image intensifier will not increase indefinitely. The equivalent circuit model of the microchannel plate of the image intensifier was established and its gain characteristic was analyzed. The maximum current for linear gain, got from this model, was approximately 1.6410-10 A, which was very close to experimental data, indicating that the charge extracted from the microchannel wall cannot be replenished in time is the main reason of gain saturation.

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Reference (22)

[1]	Fang Chenyan. Research on the ultraviolet features and multi-spectral imaging technology of high voltage air discharge[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016. (in Chinese)房陈岩. 空气高压放电紫外特性及多光谱成像技术研究[D]. 北京:中国科学院大学, 2016.
[2]	Yoshikawa I, Yamazaki A, Murakami G, et al. Telescope of extreme ultraviolet (TEX) onboard SELENE:science from the Moon[J]. Earth, Planets and Space, 2008, 60(4):407-416.
[3]	Song Shanshan. Design of solar blind ultraviolet warning optical system[D]. Changchun:Changchun University of Science and Technology, 2014. (in Chinese)宋珊珊. 日盲紫外告警光学系统设计[D]. 长春:长春理工大学, 2014.
[4]	Wang Hong. Optical system study and design used for the ultraviolet warning camera with ultra-wide field[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 2014, 43(2):160-164. (in Chinese)王红. 大视场紫外告警相机光学系统研究与设计[J]. 光子学报, 2014, 43(12):160-164.
[5]	Cui Jianfeng, Gao Tao, Zhang Yanan, et al. High efficiency and high peak power 351 nm quasi-continuous ultraviolet laser[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(6):0605004. (in Chinese)崔建丰, 高涛, 张亚男, 等. 高效率、高峰值功率351 nm准连续紫外激光器[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2017, 46(6):0605004.
[6]	Mao Xiaojie. New progress in high-power picosecond ultraviolet laser[J]. Chinese Optics, 2015, 8(2):182-190. (in Chinese)毛小洁. 高功率皮秒紫外激光器新进展[J]. 中国光学,2015, 8(2):182-190.
[7]	Qian Fang, Sun Tao, Guo Jin, et al. No-reference laser-dazzling image quality assessment based on feature-point complexit[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2015, 23(4):1179-1186. (in Chinese)钱方, 孙涛, 郭劲, 等. 无参考的特征点复杂度激光干扰图像评估[J]. 光学精密工程, 2015, 23(4):1179-1186.
[8]	Wu Chunting, Li He, Cai Jixing, et al. Measurement of real-time stress damage of monocrystal silicon by Mach-Zehnder interferometry[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering,2017, 25(5):1395-1401. (in Chinese)吴春婷, 李贺, 蔡继兴, 等. 采用马赫-曾德尔干涉法测量单晶硅在线应力损伤[J].光学精密工程, 2017, 25(5):1395-1401.
[9]	Liao Z M, Nostrand M, Carr W, et al. Modeling of laser-induced damage and optic usage at the National Ignition Facility[C]//Pacific Rim Laser Damage 2016:Optical Materials for High Power Lasers. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2016:998304-1-6.
[10]	Dimmeler A, Eberle B, van den Heuvel J C, et al. Laser dazzling of focal plane array cameras[C]//Optics/Photonics in Security and Defence, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2007, 6738:67380O-1-10.
[11]	Titterton D H. Application of laser technology to optical countermeasures[J]. The Imaging Science Journal, 2010, 58(5):286-294.
[12]	Durcu A, Bourdon P, Fleury D, et al. Infrared laser irradiation breadboard:dazzling sensitivity analysis of a HgCdTe focal plane array[C]//SPIE Security+ Defence. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2011, 8187:81870K-1-10.
[13]	Zhang Z, Cheng X, Wang R, et al. Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2011, 49(2):292-296.
[14]	Zhang Z, Cheng X, Jiang T, et al. A dazzling phenomenon of CW laser on linear CCD camera[J]. Optik-International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2012, 123(3):223-227.
[15]	Kang Wenyun, Wei Jun, Song Xiaoquan, et al. Jamming of laser to push-broom camera[J]. J Infrared Millim Waves, 2014, 33(6):608-612. (in Chinese)康文运, 危峻, 宋小全, 等. 激光对推扫相机的干扰[J]. 红外与毫米波学报, 2014, 33(6):608-612.
[16]	Sheng Liang, Zhang Zhen, Zhang Jianmin, et al. Pixel upset effect and mechanism of CW laser irradiated CMOS camera[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(6):0606004. (in Chinese)盛良, 张震, 张检民, 等. 连续激光辐照CMOS相机的像素翻转效应及机理[J]. 红外与激光工程, 2016, 45(6):0606004.
[17]	Wang Guihua. Optoelectronic Device[M]. Beijing:National Defense Industry Press, 2014:72-73. (in Chinese)汪贵华.光电子器件[M]. 北京:国防工业出版社, 2014:72-73.
[18]	Zhang Zhen. Experimental study of laser induced effect on visible light CCD[D]. Changsha:National University of Defense Technology, 2005. (in Chinese)张震. 可见光CCD的激光辐照效应实验研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学, 2005.
[19]	Zhang Jianmin, Zhang Zhen, Feng Guobin, et al. Estimating method of jamming thresholds for laser irradiated interline transfer CCD[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2015, 35(3):0314004. (in Chinese)张检民, 张震, 冯国斌, 等. 行间转移型CCD激光干扰效应阈值估算方法[J]. 光学学报, 2015, 35(3):0314004.
[20]	Girardeau-Montaut J P, Girardeau-Montaut C. Space-charge-limited current density as a function of electron flow duration in an emissive diode[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1989, 65(8):2889-2895.
[21]	Kwo J L, Yokoyama M, Wang W C, et al. Characteristics of flat panel display using carbon nanotubes as electron emitters[J]. Diamond and Related Materials, 2000, 9(3):1270-1274.
[22]	Giudicotti L. Analytical, steady-state model of gain saturation in channel electron multipliers[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2002, 480(2):670-679.

Research on the gain saturation effect of an image intensifier based on microchannel plate

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201750.1003005

Abstract

References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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