Research of preparation and image processing method of PDMS micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces

Li Bo; Dong Mingli; Zhang Fan

doi:10.3788/IRLA201847.1226003

Volume 47 Issue 12

Jan. 2019

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Li Bo, Dong Mingli, Zhang Fan. Research of preparation and image processing method of PDMS micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2018, 47(12): 1226003-1226003(8). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201847.1226003

Citation:

Li Bo, Dong Mingli, Zhang Fan. Research of preparation and image processing method of PDMS micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2018, 47(12): 1226003-1226003(8). doi: 10.3788/IRLA201847.1226003

Research of preparation and image processing method of PDMS micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201847.1226003

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Test Technology,Beijing Information Science & Technology University,Beijing 100192,China

Received Date: 2018-07-10
Rev Recd Date: 2018-08-28
Publish Date: 2018-12-25

Abstract

Cells use force as a mechanical signal to sense and respond to their microenvironment. To this end, PDMS micropost arrays has been widely used in cell traction force measurement, which allows calculating magnitude and direction of cell force from the deflection of the micropost. However, the inherent transparency of PDMS leads to the complexity of image processing algorithm when retrieving the top surfaces centroids of the deflected microposts. A method of modifying the top surfaces of PDMS microposts using magnetic beads was proposed to attain opaque top surface of the micropost, enabling a higher contrast between the top surface and the substrate of the micropost array. Magnetic beads were brought into the molds by applying a magnetic field and casted in the PDMS microposts during soft-lithography process. The modified micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces were imaged using an inverted microscope as disk-shaped patterns top surface. The centroids of disk-shaped patterns in the microscopic image were calculated using regionprops function, while Hough transform was required to process the ring-shaped patterns of the conventional transparent microposts made with pure PDMS. The experimental results show that the contrast between the top surface and the substrate is significantly improved, hence precluding the need of using Hough transform, reducing the algorithm complexity in image processing, and improving the precision of micropost positioning.
- magnetic beads,
- PDMS micropost,
- opaque,
- centroid extraction

References

[1]	Zhao Y, Lim C C, Sawyer D B, et al. Cellular force measurements using single-spaced polymeric microstructures:isolating cells from base substrate[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2005, 15(9):1649-1656.
[2]	Zhao Y, Lim C C, Sawyer D B, et al. Microchip for subcellular mechanics study in living cells[J]. Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, 2006, 114(2):1108-1115.
[3]	Du P, Lin I K, Lu H, et al. Extension of the beam theory for polymer bio-transducers with low aspect ratios and viscoelastic characteristics[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2010, 20(9):095016.
[4]	Zhang F, Anderson S, Zheng X, et al. Cell force mapping using a double-sided micropillar array based on the moir fringe method[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(3):033702.
[5]	Kang Qinshu, Yang Mo, Liu Mengmeng, et al. Microfluidic chip with micropillars modified with gold nanoparticles for detecting circulating tumor cells[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2014. 36(7):45-49. (in Chinese)
[6]	Tang Kai, Cheng Zhien, Zhang Haifeng, et al. Far field diffraction performance and testing for metal-coated and uncoated cube corner prism[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2016, 24(10):353-360. (in Chinese)
[7]	Wang Lishuan, Yang Xiao, Liu Dandan, et al. Annealing effect of the optical properties of tantalum oxide thin film prepared by ion beam sputtering[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2018, 47(3):0321004. (in Chinese)
[8]	Li Fuliang, Feng Jie, Chen Xiang, et al. Influence of orientation of external magnetic field, position ad aggregation of magnetic beads on signal of GMR biosensor[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2010, 18(11):2437-2442. (in Chinese)
[9]	Sniadecki N J, Lamb C M, Liu Y, et al. Magnetic microposts for mechanical stimulation of biological cells:Fabrication, characterization, and analysis[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2008, 79(4):044302.
[10]	Shi Y, Henry S, Crocker J, et al. Probing the dynamics of the cellular actomyosin network with magnetic microposts[C]//APS March Meeting, 2016, 61(2):338.
[11]	Reich D. Resolving sub-cellular force dynamics using arrays of magnetic microposts[C]//APS March Meeting 2010, 55(2):106.
[12]	Kramer C, Chen C, Reich D. Probing the dynamics of cellular traction forces with magnetic micropost arrays[D].US:American Physical Society, 2009.
[13]	Rodriguez M L, Graham B T, Pabon L M, et al. Assessing the contractility of human ips derived cardiomyocytes with arrays of microposts[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2014(11):3136.
[14]	Grant S C, Schacht V, Escher B I, et al. An experimental solubility approach to determine PDMS-water partition constants and PDMS activity coefficients[J]. Environmental Science Technology, 2016, 50(6):3047-3054.
[15]	Huang Baokun, Hu Yihua, Gu Youlin, et al. Influence of artifical biological particles structures on broadband extinction performan-ce[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2018, 47(3):0321002. (in Chinese)
[16]	Michael T Y, Jianping F, Wang Y K, et al. Assaying stem cell mechanobiology on microfabricated elastomeric substrates with geometrically modulated rigidity[J]. Nature Protocols, 2011, 6(2):187-213.
[17]	Cardwell R D, Kluge J A, Thayer P S, et al. Static and cyclic mechanical loading of mesenchymal stem cells on elastomeric, electrospun polyurethane meshes[J]. J Biomech Eng, 2015, 137(7):4030404.
[18]	Lemmon C A, Sniadecki N J, Ruiz S A, et al. Shear force at the cell-matrix interface:enhanced analysis for microfabricated post array detectors[J]. Mech Chem Biosyst, 2005, 2(1):1-16.
[19]	Tan Di, Zhang Xin, Wu Yanxiong, et al. Analysis of effect of optical aberration on star centroid location error[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(2):0217004. (in Chinese)
[20]	Cao Yang, Li Baoquan, Li Haitao, et al. Pixel displacement effects on cenrtroid position accuracy[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(12):1217007. (in Chinese)
[21]	Ke Hongchang, Sun Hongbin. A saliency target area detection method of image sequence[J]. Chinese Optics, 2015, 8(5):768-774. (in Chinese)
[22]	Zhang Lei, Liu Dong, Shi Tu, et al. Optical free-form surfaces testing technologies[J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(3):283-299. (in Chinese)

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Research of preparation and image processing method of PDMS micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces

1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Test Technology,Beijing Information Science & Technology University,Beijing 100192,China

Received Date: 2018-07-10

Rev Recd Date: 2018-08-28

Publish Date: 2018-12-25

Key words:

Abstract: Cells use force as a mechanical signal to sense and respond to their microenvironment. To this end, PDMS micropost arrays has been widely used in cell traction force measurement, which allows calculating magnitude and direction of cell force from the deflection of the micropost. However, the inherent transparency of PDMS leads to the complexity of image processing algorithm when retrieving the top surfaces centroids of the deflected microposts. A method of modifying the top surfaces of PDMS microposts using magnetic beads was proposed to attain opaque top surface of the micropost, enabling a higher contrast between the top surface and the substrate of the micropost array. Magnetic beads were brought into the molds by applying a magnetic field and casted in the PDMS microposts during soft-lithography process. The modified micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces were imaged using an inverted microscope as disk-shaped patterns top surface. The centroids of disk-shaped patterns in the microscopic image were calculated using regionprops function, while Hough transform was required to process the ring-shaped patterns of the conventional transparent microposts made with pure PDMS. The experimental results show that the contrast between the top surface and the substrate is significantly improved, hence precluding the need of using Hough transform, reducing the algorithm complexity in image processing, and improving the precision of micropost positioning.

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Reference (22)

[1]	Zhao Y, Lim C C, Sawyer D B, et al. Cellular force measurements using single-spaced polymeric microstructures:isolating cells from base substrate[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2005, 15(9):1649-1656.
[2]	Zhao Y, Lim C C, Sawyer D B, et al. Microchip for subcellular mechanics study in living cells[J]. Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, 2006, 114(2):1108-1115.
[3]	Du P, Lin I K, Lu H, et al. Extension of the beam theory for polymer bio-transducers with low aspect ratios and viscoelastic characteristics[J]. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 2010, 20(9):095016.
[4]	Zhang F, Anderson S, Zheng X, et al. Cell force mapping using a double-sided micropillar array based on the moir fringe method[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(3):033702.
[5]	Kang Qinshu, Yang Mo, Liu Mengmeng, et al. Microfluidic chip with micropillars modified with gold nanoparticles for detecting circulating tumor cells[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology, 2014. 36(7):45-49. (in Chinese)
[6]	Tang Kai, Cheng Zhien, Zhang Haifeng, et al. Far field diffraction performance and testing for metal-coated and uncoated cube corner prism[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2016, 24(10):353-360. (in Chinese)
[7]	Wang Lishuan, Yang Xiao, Liu Dandan, et al. Annealing effect of the optical properties of tantalum oxide thin film prepared by ion beam sputtering[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2018, 47(3):0321004. (in Chinese)
[8]	Li Fuliang, Feng Jie, Chen Xiang, et al. Influence of orientation of external magnetic field, position ad aggregation of magnetic beads on signal of GMR biosensor[J]. Optics and Precision Engineering, 2010, 18(11):2437-2442. (in Chinese)
[9]	Sniadecki N J, Lamb C M, Liu Y, et al. Magnetic microposts for mechanical stimulation of biological cells:Fabrication, characterization, and analysis[J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2008, 79(4):044302.
[10]	Shi Y, Henry S, Crocker J, et al. Probing the dynamics of the cellular actomyosin network with magnetic microposts[C]//APS March Meeting, 2016, 61(2):338.
[11]	Reich D. Resolving sub-cellular force dynamics using arrays of magnetic microposts[C]//APS March Meeting 2010, 55(2):106.
[12]	Kramer C, Chen C, Reich D. Probing the dynamics of cellular traction forces with magnetic micropost arrays[D].US:American Physical Society, 2009.
[13]	Rodriguez M L, Graham B T, Pabon L M, et al. Assessing the contractility of human ips derived cardiomyocytes with arrays of microposts[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2014(11):3136.
[14]	Grant S C, Schacht V, Escher B I, et al. An experimental solubility approach to determine PDMS-water partition constants and PDMS activity coefficients[J]. Environmental Science Technology, 2016, 50(6):3047-3054.
[15]	Huang Baokun, Hu Yihua, Gu Youlin, et al. Influence of artifical biological particles structures on broadband extinction performan-ce[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2018, 47(3):0321002. (in Chinese)
[16]	Michael T Y, Jianping F, Wang Y K, et al. Assaying stem cell mechanobiology on microfabricated elastomeric substrates with geometrically modulated rigidity[J]. Nature Protocols, 2011, 6(2):187-213.
[17]	Cardwell R D, Kluge J A, Thayer P S, et al. Static and cyclic mechanical loading of mesenchymal stem cells on elastomeric, electrospun polyurethane meshes[J]. J Biomech Eng, 2015, 137(7):4030404.
[18]	Lemmon C A, Sniadecki N J, Ruiz S A, et al. Shear force at the cell-matrix interface:enhanced analysis for microfabricated post array detectors[J]. Mech Chem Biosyst, 2005, 2(1):1-16.
[19]	Tan Di, Zhang Xin, Wu Yanxiong, et al. Analysis of effect of optical aberration on star centroid location error[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2017, 46(2):0217004. (in Chinese)
[20]	Cao Yang, Li Baoquan, Li Haitao, et al. Pixel displacement effects on cenrtroid position accuracy[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2016, 45(12):1217007. (in Chinese)
[21]	Ke Hongchang, Sun Hongbin. A saliency target area detection method of image sequence[J]. Chinese Optics, 2015, 8(5):768-774. (in Chinese)
[22]	Zhang Lei, Liu Dong, Shi Tu, et al. Optical free-form surfaces testing technologies[J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 10(3):283-299. (in Chinese)

Research of preparation and image processing method of PDMS micropost arrays with opaque top surfaces

doi: 10.3788/IRLA201847.1226003

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References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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