Recent progress on the mechanism and device structure of graphene-based infrared detectors

Yang Qi; Shen Jun; Wei Xingzhan; Shi Haofei

doi:10.3788/IRLA202049.0103003

Volume 49 Issue 1

Jan. 2020

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Article Navigation > Infrared and Laser Engineering > 2020 > 49(1): 0103003-0103003(23)

Yang Qi, Shen Jun, Wei Xingzhan, Shi Haofei. Recent progress on the mechanism and device structure of graphene-based infrared detectors[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2020, 49(1): 0103003-0103003(23). doi: 10.3788/IRLA202049.0103003

Citation:

Yang Qi, Shen Jun, Wei Xingzhan, Shi Haofei. Recent progress on the mechanism and device structure of graphene-based infrared detectors[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2020, 49(1): 0103003-0103003(23). doi: 10.3788/IRLA202049.0103003

Recent progress on the mechanism and device structure of graphene-based infrared detectors

doi: 10.3788/IRLA202049.0103003

Yang Qi^1,2,
Shen Jun^1,2,
Wei Xingzhan^1,2,
Shi Haofei^1,2

1. Center for Nanofabrication and System Integration, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received Date: 2019-10-11
Rev Recd Date: 2019-11-21
Publish Date: 2020-01-28

Abstract

Graphene has some unique properties, such as ultra-high carrier mobility, zero band gap, broadband response, which make it a promising material in infrared photodetection. In this review, the development history of graphene-based infrared detectors was analyzed, and the mechanism of relevant photoelectric response was summarized. The responsivity, wave-band, response speed and device structure were sorted out. The challenges of material preparation and process compatibility of graphene-based detectors were also discussed and prospected.
- graphene,
- infrared detector,
- detection mechanism

References

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[43]	Freitag M, Low T, Avouris P. Increased responsivity of suspended graphene photodetectors[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(4):1644-1648.
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[59]	Sassi U, Parret R, Nanot S, et al. Graphene-based mid-infrared room-temperature pyroelectric bolometers with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8:14311.
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[61]	Urich A, Unterrainer K, Mueller T. Intrinsic response time of graphene photodetectors[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(7):2804-2808.
[62]	Schuler S, Schall D, Neumaier D, et al. Controlled generation of a p-n junction in a waveguide integrated graphene photodetector[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(11):7107-7112.
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Recent progress on the mechanism and device structure of graphene-based infrared detectors

1. Center for Nanofabrication and System Integration, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714;

2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received Date: 2019-10-11

Rev Recd Date: 2019-11-21

Publish Date: 2020-01-28

Key words:

Abstract: Graphene has some unique properties, such as ultra-high carrier mobility, zero band gap, broadband response, which make it a promising material in infrared photodetection. In this review, the development history of graphene-based infrared detectors was analyzed, and the mechanism of relevant photoelectric response was summarized. The responsivity, wave-band, response speed and device structure were sorted out. The challenges of material preparation and process compatibility of graphene-based detectors were also discussed and prospected.

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Reference (78)

[1]	Park J, Ahn Y H, Ruiz-Vargas C. Imaging of photocurrent generation and collection in single-layer graphene[J]. Nano Letters, 2009, 9(5):1742-1746.
[2]	Xia F N, Mueller T, Golizadeh-Mojarad R, et al. Photocurrent imaging and efficient photon detection in a graphene transistor[J]. Nano Letters, 2009, 9(3):1039-1044.
[3]	Xia F, Mueller T, Lin Y M, et al. Ultrafast graphene photodetector[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2009, 4(12):839-843.
[4]	Ryzhii V, Ryzhii M. Graphene bilayer field-effect phototransistor for terahertz and infrared detection[J]. Physical Review B, 2009, 79(24):245311.
[5]	Bao W, Jing L, Velasco J, Jr, et al. Stacking-dependent band gap and quantum transport in trilayer graphene[J]. Nature Physics, 2011, 7(12):948-952.
[6]	Sonde S, Giannazzo F, Raineri V, et al. Electrical properties of the graphene/4H-SiC (0001) interface probed by scanning current spectroscopy[J]. Physical Review B, 2009, 80(24):241406.
[7]	Xie C, Wang Y, Zhang Z X, et al. Graphene/semiconductor hybrid heterostructures for optoelectronic device applications[J]. Nano Today, 2018, 19:41-83.
[8]	Goossens S, Navickaite G, Monasterio C, et al. Broadband image sensor array based on graphene-CMOS integration[J]. Nature Photonics, 2017, 11(6):366-371.
[9]	Xia F, Mueller T, Golizadeh-Mojarad R, et al. Photocurrent imaging and efficient photon detection in a graphene transistor[J]. Nano Letters, 2009, 9(3):1039-1044.
[10]	Drain C M, Christensen B, Mauzerall D. Photogating of ionic currents across a lipid bilayer[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1989, 86(18):6959-6962.
[11]	Konstantatos G, Badioli M, Gaudreau L, et al. Hybrid graphene-quantum dot phototransistors with ultrahigh gain[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2012, 7(6):363-368.
[12]	Fang H, Hu W. Photogating in low dimensional photodetectors[J]. Advanced Science, 2017, 4(12):1700323.
[13]	Guo X, Wang W, Nan H, et al. High-performance graphene photodetector using interfacial gating[J]. Optica, 2016, 3(10):1066-1070.
[14]	Lemme M C, Koppens F H L, Falk A L, et al. Gate-activated photoresponse in a graphene p-n junction[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(10):4134-4137.
[15]	Xu X, Gabor N M, Alden J S, et al. Photo-thermoelectric effect at a graphene interface junction[J]. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(2):562-566.
[16]	Gabor N M, Song J C W, Ma Q, et al. Hot carrier-assisted intrinsic photoresponse in graphene[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6056):648-652.
[17]	Song J C W, Rudner M S, Marcus C M, et al. Hot carrier transport and photocurrent response in graphene[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(11):4688-4692.
[18]	Sun D, Aivazian G, Jones A M, et al. Ultrafast hot-carrier-dominated photocurrent in graphene[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2012, 7(2):114-118.
[19]	Rogalski A, Kopytko M, Martyniuk P. Two-dimensional infrared and terahertz detectors:Outlook and status[J]. Applied Physics Reviews, 2019, 6(2):021316.
[20]	Piscanec S, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, et al. Kohn anomalies and electron-phonon interactions in graphite[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2004, 93(18):185503.
[21]	Lazzeri M, Piscanec S, Mauri F, et al. Electron transport and hot phonons in carbon nanotubes[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(23):236802.
[22]	Low T, Avouris P. Graphene plasmonics for terahertz to mid-infrared applications[J]. ACS Nano, 2014, 8(2):1086-1101.
[23]	Bistritzer R, MacDonald A H. Electronic cooling in graphene[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2009, 102(20):206410.
[24]	Tse W K, Das Sarma S. Energy relaxation of hot dirac fermions in graphene[J]. Physical Review B, 2009, 79(23):235406.
[25]	Song J C W, Reizer M Y, Levitov L S. Disorder-assisted electron-phonon scattering and cooling pathways in graphene[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 109(10):106602.
[26]	Graham M W, Shi S F, Ralph D C, et al. Photocurrent measurements of supercollision cooling in graphene[J]. Nature Physics, 2013, 9(2):103-108.
[27]	Betz A C, Jhang S H, Pallecchi E, et al. Supercollision cooling in undoped graphene[J]. Nature Physics, 2013, 9(2):109-112.
[28]	Castro Neto A H, Guinea F, Peres N M R, et al. The electronic properties of graphene[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2009, 81(1):109-162.
[29]	Koppens F H, Mueller T, Avouris P, et al. Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2014, 9(10):780-793.
[30]	Xia F, Yan H, Avouris P. The interaction of light and graphene:Basics, devices, and applications[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2013, 101(7):1717-1731.
[31]	Tissot J L, Trouilleau C, Fieque B, et al. Uncooled microbolometer detector:Recent developments at ulis[J]. Opto-Electronics Review, 2006, 14(1):25-32.
[32]	Soref R A. Silicon-based optoelectronics[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1993, 81(12):1687-1706.
[33]	Richards P L. Bolometers for infrared and millimeter waves[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1994, 76(1):1-24.
[34]	Wang X, Cheng Z, Xu K, et al. High-responsivity graphene/silicon-heterostructure waveguide photo-detectors[J]. Nature Photonics, 2013, 7(11):888-891.
[35]	Voisin C, Placais B. Hot carriers in graphene preface[J]. Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter, 2015, 27(16):160301.
[36]	Brida D, Tomadin A, Manzoni C, et al. Ultrafast collinear scattering and carrier multiplication in graphene[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 4:1987.
[37]	Breusing M, Kuehn S, Winzer T, et al. Ultrafast nonequilibrium carrier dynamics in a single graphene layer[J]. Physical Review B, 2011, 83(15):153410.
[38]	Rodriguez-Nieva J F, Dresselhaus M S, Levitov L S. Thermionic emission and negative dI/dV in photoactive graphene heterostructures[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(3):1451-1456.
[39]	Liang S J, Ang L K. Electron thermionic emission from graphene and a thermionic energy converter[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2015, 3(1):014002.
[40]	Massicotte M, Schmidt P, Vialla F, et al. Photo-thermionic effect in vertical graphene heterostructures[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:12174.
[41]	Kim R, Perebeinos V, Avouris P. Relaxation of optically excited carriers in graphene[J]. Physical Review B, 2011, 84(7):075449.
[42]	Freitag M, Low T, Xia F, et al. Photoconductivity of biased graphene[J]. Nature Photonics, 2013, 7(1):53-59.
[43]	Freitag M, Low T, Avouris P. Increased responsivity of suspended graphene photodetectors[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(4):1644-1648.
[44]	Yan J, Kim M H, Elle J A, et al. Dual-gated bilayer graphene hot-electron bolometer[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2012, 7(7):472-478.
[45]	Furchi M, Urich A, Pospischil A, et al. Microcavity-integrated graphene photodetector[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(6):2773-2777.
[46]	Pospischil A, Humer M, Furchi M M, et al. CMOS-compatible graphene photodetector covering all optical communication bands[J]. Nature Photonics, 2013, 7(11):892-896.
[47]	Gan X, Shiue R J, Gao Y, et al. Chip-integrated ultrafast graphene photodetector with high responsivity[J]. Nature Photonics, 2013, 7(11):883-887.
[48]	Lee I H, Yoo D, Avouris P, et al. Graphene acoustic plasmon resonator for ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2019, 14(4):313-319.
[49]	Ni Z, Ma L, Du S, et al. Plasmonic silicon quantum dots enabled high-sensitivity ultrabroadband photodetection of graphene-based hybrid phototransistors[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(10):9854-9862.
[50]	Sun T, Wang Y, Yu W, et al. Flexible broadband graphene photodetectors enhanced by plasmonic Cu_3-xP colloidal nanocrystals[J]. Small, 2017, 13(42):UNSP 1701881.
[51]	Zhao B, Zhao J M, Zhang Z M. Enhancement of near-infrared absorption in graphene with metal gratings[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(3):031905.
[52]	Yao Y, Shankar R, Rauter P, et al. High-responsivity mid-infrared graphene detectors with antenna-enhanced photocarrier generation and collection[J]. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(7):3749-3754.
[53]	Fang Z, Liu Z, Wang Y, et al. Graphene-antenna sandwich photodetector[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(7):3808-3813.
[54]	Azar N S, Shrestha V R, Crozier K B. Bull's eye grating integrated with optical nanoantennas for plasmonic enhancement of graphene long-wave infrared photodetectors[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2019, 114(9):091108.
[55]	Zhang Y, Liu T, Meng B, et al. Broadband high photoresponse from pure monolayer graphene photodetector[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 4:1811.
[56]	Liu Y, Gong T, Zheng Y, et al. Ultra-sensitive and plasmon-tunable graphene photodetectors for micro-spectrometry[J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(42):20013-20019.
[57]	Nikitskiy I, Goossens S, Kufer D, et al. Integrating an electrically active colloidal quantum dot photodiode with a graphene phototransistor[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:11954.
[58]	Chen Z, Li X, Wang J, et al. Synergistic effects of plasmonics and electron trapping in graphene short-wave infrared photodetectors with ultrahigh responsivity[J]. ACS Nano, 2017, 11(1):430-437.
[59]	Sassi U, Parret R, Nanot S, et al. Graphene-based mid-infrared room-temperature pyroelectric bolometers with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8:14311.
[60]	Mueller T, Xia F, Avouris P. Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications[J]. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(5):297-301.
[61]	Urich A, Unterrainer K, Mueller T. Intrinsic response time of graphene photodetectors[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(7):2804-2808.
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Recent progress on the mechanism and device structure of graphene-based infrared detectors

doi: 10.3788/IRLA202049.0103003

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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