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在模型的基础上,重点分析了诱饵发射角度、发射高度和发射初速度三个诱饵参数,对面源红外诱饵干扰效能的影响。将导弹的脱靶量作为干扰效能评估的指标,统计诱饵释放后干扰成功的概率。
某些特定条件下的仿真结果与实测数据比对,进行验证。实测数据的实验条件与仿真条件相同。
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初始条件:飞机飞行高度为9000 m,飞行速度为0.75 Ma,平飞;导弹距目标机5000 m;以30 m/s的速度发射面源诱饵,数量2枚,改变诱饵的发射角度,仿真3000次。
图8~9为45°和75°时的灰度图像序列。从灰度图像的分布可以看出,箔片云团最终的扩散形状呈椭球形,能够充分遮挡住飞机尾部的辐射区域,极大程度地影响红外成像导弹对目标的识别,达到了预期的遮挡目的,可以提高目标机的生存能力。
面源诱饵角度特性曲线如图10所示,通过仿真曲线可知,在发射角度增大的过程中,导弹未击中目标的概率是先增大再逐渐减小的,在60~75°附近干扰效果最佳。原因主要在于,当发射角度处于最佳的发射区间时,诱饵箔片充分扩散后,在导引头视场内的辐射亮度是均匀分布的,能形成长时间的有效干扰区域。当发射角度较大或较小时,会受到飞机尾流气流扰动的影响,有效干扰时间较短,干扰效果不好。
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初始条件:发射高度为5000 m、8000 m和11000 m;飞行速度为0.75 Ma和0.9 Ma,平飞;发射角度选择为25°、45°、75°、90°,发射数量1枚,其余条件不变,仿真3000次。
图11是不同高度下的红外对抗序列,表1统计了同一速度,不同高度下,面源红外诱饵的干扰成功率。仿真统计的数据将结果与实际的情况进行了比对,在误差范围之类,所得的数据和结论具有一定的可信性。
Launch angle/(°) 25 45 75 90 Miss target/time 5000 m 1206 1644 2328 1506 Miss probability in simulation 40.2% 54.8% 77.6% 50.2% Miss probability in reality - - ≥75% ≥45% Error - - 3.5% 11.6% Miss target/time 8000 m 1464 1545 2 037 1431 Miss probability in simulation 48.8% 51.5% 67.9% 47.7% Miss probability in reality - - ≥62% ≥45% Error - - 9.0% 4.3% Miss target/time 11000 m 1308 1575 2217 1596 Miss probability in simulation 43.6% 52.5% 73.9% 53.2% Miss probability in reality - - ≥70% ≥50% Error - - 5.6% 6.4% Table 1. Interference success rate at different height and the speed of 0.75 Ma
从红外对抗序列和统计的数据表中可以看出,随着诱饵发射高度的增加,干扰成功率先下降,再逐渐增加,总体上变化的幅度不大。原因在于在低空时,空气密度相对较大,面源诱饵箔片在扩散过程中,受气流扰动的影响较为明显;相反在高空时,空气密度相对较小,箔片的扩散并不充分。当发射高度发生变化时,要结合具体情形,及时调整发射的角度,并结合实际的飞行场景,采用合理的机动动作,进而保证面源诱饵的最佳干扰效能。
图12是不同发射速度下的红外对抗序列,表2统计了同一高度,不同速度下面源红外诱饵的干扰成功率。仿真统计的数据将结果与实际的情况进行了比对,在误差范围之类,所得的数据和结论具有一定的可信性。
Launch angle/(°) 25 45 75 90 Miss target/time 0.5 Ma 1158 1629 1 962 1314 Miss probability in simulation 38.6% 54.3% 65.4% 43.8% Miss probability in reality - - ≥60% ≥42% Error - - 4.0% 4.7% Miss target/time 0.75 Ma 1122 1455 2340 1413 Miss probability in simulation 37.4% 48.5% 78.0% 47.1% Miss probability in reality - - ≥75% ≥45% Error - - 4.3% 4.6% Miss target/time 0.9 Ma 1245 1776 2 001 1158 Miss probability in simulation 41.5% 59.2% 66.7% 38.6% Miss probability in reality - - ≥65% ≥35% Error - - 2.6% 10.3% Table 2. Interference success rate at different speed and the height of 8000 m
从红外对抗序列和统计的数据表中可以看出,当发射速度增加时,面源诱饵的干扰成功率先上升,再缓慢下降。主要原因在于目标机的飞行速度很大,相对于面源诱饵箔片的扩散速率来说是很大的。因此,在诱饵发射出去后,目标机必须根据诱饵箔片的扩散情况和燃烧程度,采取必要的机动飞行。这样才能最大限度地发挥面源红外诱饵的干扰效果,遮挡了导弹的识别区域,形成了有效干扰,提升了干扰的成功率。但是如果目标机飞行速度过大,也有可能超出面源诱饵的有效干扰区域。
Influence of parameters of decoy on jamming effectiveness of surface source infrared decoy
doi: 10.3788/IRLA20210006
- Received Date: 2021-01-12
- Rev Recd Date: 2021-04-14
- Publish Date: 2021-08-25
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Key words:
- decoy factor /
- surface source infrared decoy /
- jamming effectiveness /
- simulation and evaluation
Abstract: Surface source infrared decoy regarded as an active interference type infrared countermeasure equipment, compared with traditional infrared decoy, has obvious superiority in motion characteristics, jamming effectiveness and so on. Considering the economy of cost and evaluate efficiency, a kind thought which could simulate the testing work based on air confrontation examples was proposed. Firstly, the missile motion model, tracking optimization algorithm and anti-jamming recognition algorithm were established. Secondly, the infrared radiation characteristics of the aircraft skin was focused. Then the motion model of decoy foil was built and the combustion algorithm was optimized. Finally, through changing factors, such as the launch angle, height and speed of decoy, jamming effectiveness was tested. The simulated result is close to real data, verifying the effectiveness evaluation thought is feasible and basically meeting the demand of evaluating.